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Refrigerators
Now here's a cool idea: a metal box that helps your food last longer! Have you
ever stopped to think how a refrigerator keeps cool, calm, and collected even in the
blistering heat of summer? Food goes bad because bacteria breed inside it. But bacteria
grow less quickly at lower temperatures, so the cooler you can keep food, the longer it
will last. A food meat
refrigerator is a machine that keeps food cool with some very clever science. All
the time your refrigerator is humming away, liquids are turning into gases, water is
turning into ice, and your food is staying deliciously fresh. Let's take a closer
look at how a refrigerator works!
What’s your favorite late night snack – that go-to treat that melts away the
troubles of the day as you curl up in front of the TV? Perhaps it’s a creamy bowl of
Rocky Road or maybe some delicious, spicy Szechuan chicken left over from a recent take-
out feast. Refrigerator-finds like these may make you feel bad about indulging in guilty
pleasures, but at least you don't have to feel bad about how high your energy bill
will be to cure your cravings. That’s because of innovative technology and meaningful
energy conservation standards put into place by the Office of Energy Efficiency and
Renewable Energy's Building Technologies Program.
In recent decades, the Energy Department has led technological innovation that vastly
improved the energy efficiency of our refrigerators and freezers (and thousands of other
household appliances). As a result, it’s a lot easier on your pocket and on the
environment to keep that ice cream at peak frosty perfection. In fact, today’s
refrigerators use only about 25 percent of the energy that was required to power models
built in 1975. Even while continually improving efficiency to meet standards,
refrigerators have increased in size by almost 20 percent, have added energy-using
features such as through-the-door ice, and provide more benefits than ever before.
Refrigerators today can be customized to fit consumer needs with touch-screen displays,
glass doors, or even a beer tap.
The dramatic rise in efficiency began in response to the oil and energy crises of the
1970s when refrigerators typically cost about $1,300 when adjusted for inflation, a hefty
price to pay for an energy waster. Refrigeration labels and standards have improved
efficiency by two percent per year since 1975. Due to research, useful tools,
partnerships with utilities and other organizations, and market initiatives that helped
enable
top open air curtain refrigerator and other appliance standards, the Energy
Department has helped avoid the construction of up to 31 1-GW power plants with the
energy saved since the first Federal standards in 1987. That’s the same amount of
electricity consumed by Spain annually.
The Department will soon have strengthened the standards for household refrigerators
three times. Each time, manufacturers have responded with new innovations that enabled
their products to meet the new requirements and often to exceed them. Refrigerators that
performed above and beyond the minimum standards qualified for the ENERGY STAR label,
motivated consumers to care about energy usage, and primed the market for continued
efficiency improvements.
Decades worth of progressive energy-efficiency standards for refrigerators have
translated into big savings for consumers. Compared to refrigerators of the 1970s,
today's refrigerators save the nation about $20 billion per year in energy costs, or
$150 per year for the average American family.
The next proposed increase in refrigerator and freezer efficiency -- scheduled to
take effect in 2014 -- will save the nation almost four and a half quadrillion BTUs over
30 years. That’s three times more than the total energy currently used by all
refrigeration products in U.S. homes annually. It’s also the equivalent amount of energy
savings that could be used to power a third of Africa for an entire year
The Energy Department is continuing to invest even more in future innovations for
energy efficient products. So go ahead and indulge with those late night snacks and
frozen treats. Your fridge has you covered.
To learn more about Appliance Standards and how they save consumers money go to the
Building Technologies Program website.
In this position, Roland Risser was responsible for leading all of EERE's applied
research, development and demonstration for renewable energy, including geothermal,
solar, and wind and water power.In this position, Roland Risser was responsible for
leading all of EERE's applied research, development and demonstration for renewable
energy, including geothermal, solar, and wind and water power.
GREENSBORO, N.C. — The beige-and-brown General Electric
top open
glass door refrigerator, circa 1982, whirs in a dark corner of Doris and Anthony
Vincent’s basement.
Mrs. Vincent, a 70-year-old churchgoer and longtime community volunteer, can date its
purchase with precision. In her home here, appliances mark milestones. And that nearly
40-year-old model — one of three refrigerators she owns — tells a story of her re-entry
into the work force after having a daughter.
She spent much of her first paychecks from her job as a counselor at Bennett College
on the refrigerator-freezer combo, with the external ice dispenser and other bells and
whistles of its era. “I’d been a stay-at-home mother, you know,” she said.
When the couple built their 5,000-square-foot home in 1992, the G.E. went to the
basement, to make room for a stainless steel upgrade that holds last night’s dinner and
the morning’s juice.
But the second refrigerator is no afterthought appliance. It occupies pride of place
in many American homes — often because, Mr. Vincent said, yesteryear’s fridges were
built to last. That didn’t stop the couple, however, from buying a third model for the
basement apartment they keep for guests.
Around 35 million U.S. households have two refrigerators, and the Vincents are among
the six million households that report owning more than two refrigerators, whether full-
or dorm-size units, according to the Energy Information Administration, a federal agency
that tracks appliance ownership. That number has climbed from 14 percent of all homes in
1978, when the agency first started surveying Americans, to 30 percent in 2015. About 27
percent of today’s urban homes and almost 40 percent of rural ones have at least two
refrigerators.
Those numbers will likely change again as the pandemic continues and with the average
10-year life span of newer refrigerators. When stand-alone freezers sold out in stores
nationwide in the spring of 2020, months of back orders set off a buying spree on
refrigerators. In April, Consumer Reports urged those who couldn’t find a freezer to
consider a second upright back sliding door refrigerator instead.
The second refrigerator can be a homey holdover or the latest model. And, for many,
it can be aspirational. It may fulfill a yen for storage space. For others, its contents
may function as edible insurance policies during lean years. And there are countless
other reasons for a second fridge: frequent entertaining; storing kimchi or other
specialties that take time to age; a tendency toward hoarding; or simply the cost of
getting rid of a refrigerator.
But class and context matter in the world of multiple fridges, or for that matter,
freezers. (Statisticians at the Energy Information Administration call those chest or
stand-alone appliances “deer freezers” because of their popularity among Midwestern
hunters.)
Newer models have made owning a second refrigerator easier on the pocketbook. Once,
refrigerators routinely used more than 10 percent of a household’s total power, which
prompted old-fridge disposal or buybacks around the country during previous blackouts and
energy crises, said William McNary, a research statistician for the agency. “Now it’s
nowhere near that,” he said. Modern EnergyStar-rated models can cost as little as 10
cents a day to operate.
Despite once-valid concerns about a nation of power-sucking surplus refrigerators,
Mr. McNary knows they’re not going away — even in his own family. His in-laws keep an
avocado-colored refrigerator from the 1970s in their basement.
“I go down there, and it’s got three beers and six ginger ales in it,” he said. “
My mother-in-law complains every year at Thanksgiving and holidays that our fridge isn’t
big enough” to store sides or uneaten turkey.
Ms. Reilly remembers an Italian-American friend whose family removed shelves from an
extra fridge to hang homemade sausages.
Jonathan Ammons, a food writer in Asheville, N.C., contends that refrigerators
transmit culture as much as they chill food. “I am a third-generation multiple fridge-
freezer kid,” he said. “It is as deep a part of my culinary heritage as candied yams
and sugar beets.”
He currently owns one refrigerator and one stand freezer, packed this time of year
with discounted whole ducks and broth.
Mr. Ammons’s parents have three refrigerators, including one that he stocks with
prepared meals for his mother, who is ill and bedridden. He traces the family’s desire
to have more than one refrigerator to his grandmother’s traditions and preservation
practices, common in Appalachia.
“Her house in Bakersville had the smokehouse out back and the canning shed,” he
said. “And they had smoked meat. When the freezer came, it became an irreplaceable
thing, an ingrained thing with my grandmother, that if you have a freezer, you can
preserve things.
“I see that as an aspect of Appalachian culture: preserving the things you love and
prioritizing it — and growing enough of it that you can stay there through the hard
times.”
While conventional wisdom suggests that the more mouths there are to feed, the more
refrigerators, the statistics don’t bear that out. U.S. households with only two
occupants lead in two-fridge ownership.
People of color also have second refrigerators in disproportionately high rates.
Nearly 20 percent of Black Americans have them, as do 22 percent of Latinos and 23
percent of Asian-Americans. One-third of Native American respondents in the Energy
Information Administration’s last major survey of residential energy consumption,
completed five years ago, reported having more than one
stand up back front sliding door refrigerator.
That last figure gave Farina King some pause. She’s a citizen of the Navajo Nation
and a history professor in Tahlequah, Okla. While her parents, Phillip and JoAnn Smith,
have two refrigerators at their home in Utah, they use the second to feed patients, who
travel long distances to her father’s medical clinic, as well as friends and
missionaries in their church community.
Dr. King knows that second refrigerators are rare in the Navajo Nation, which
stretches across three states but has only about a dozen full-service grocery stores.
Some people, particularly those in urban or semirural areas, may have two fridges, but
the dominant reality is quite different.
“Many Navajos on the reservation actually do not have access to the space and
electricity” for even a first multi-deck display refrigerator, she said.
Now here's a cool idea: a metal box that helps your food last longer! Have you
ever stopped to think how a refrigerator keeps cool, calm, and collected even in the
blistering heat of summer? Food goes bad because bacteria breed inside it. But bacteria
grow less quickly at lower temperatures, so the cooler you can keep food, the longer it
will last. A food meat
refrigerator is a machine that keeps food cool with some very clever science. All
the time your refrigerator is humming away, liquids are turning into gases, water is
turning into ice, and your food is staying deliciously fresh. Let's take a closer
look at how a refrigerator works!
What’s your favorite late night snack – that go-to treat that melts away the
troubles of the day as you curl up in front of the TV? Perhaps it’s a creamy bowl of
Rocky Road or maybe some delicious, spicy Szechuan chicken left over from a recent take-
out feast. Refrigerator-finds like these may make you feel bad about indulging in guilty
pleasures, but at least you don't have to feel bad about how high your energy bill
will be to cure your cravings. That’s because of innovative technology and meaningful
energy conservation standards put into place by the Office of Energy Efficiency and
Renewable Energy's Building Technologies Program.
In recent decades, the Energy Department has led technological innovation that vastly
improved the energy efficiency of our refrigerators and freezers (and thousands of other
household appliances). As a result, it’s a lot easier on your pocket and on the
environment to keep that ice cream at peak frosty perfection. In fact, today’s
refrigerators use only about 25 percent of the energy that was required to power models
built in 1975. Even while continually improving efficiency to meet standards,
refrigerators have increased in size by almost 20 percent, have added energy-using
features such as through-the-door ice, and provide more benefits than ever before.
Refrigerators today can be customized to fit consumer needs with touch-screen displays,
glass doors, or even a beer tap.
The dramatic rise in efficiency began in response to the oil and energy crises of the
1970s when refrigerators typically cost about $1,300 when adjusted for inflation, a hefty
price to pay for an energy waster. Refrigeration labels and standards have improved
efficiency by two percent per year since 1975. Due to research, useful tools,
partnerships with utilities and other organizations, and market initiatives that helped
enable
top open air curtain refrigerator and other appliance standards, the Energy
Department has helped avoid the construction of up to 31 1-GW power plants with the
energy saved since the first Federal standards in 1987. That’s the same amount of
electricity consumed by Spain annually.
The Department will soon have strengthened the standards for household refrigerators
three times. Each time, manufacturers have responded with new innovations that enabled
their products to meet the new requirements and often to exceed them. Refrigerators that
performed above and beyond the minimum standards qualified for the ENERGY STAR label,
motivated consumers to care about energy usage, and primed the market for continued
efficiency improvements.
Decades worth of progressive energy-efficiency standards for refrigerators have
translated into big savings for consumers. Compared to refrigerators of the 1970s,
today's refrigerators save the nation about $20 billion per year in energy costs, or
$150 per year for the average American family.
The next proposed increase in refrigerator and freezer efficiency -- scheduled to
take effect in 2014 -- will save the nation almost four and a half quadrillion BTUs over
30 years. That’s three times more than the total energy currently used by all
refrigeration products in U.S. homes annually. It’s also the equivalent amount of energy
savings that could be used to power a third of Africa for an entire year
The Energy Department is continuing to invest even more in future innovations for
energy efficient products. So go ahead and indulge with those late night snacks and
frozen treats. Your fridge has you covered.
To learn more about Appliance Standards and how they save consumers money go to the
Building Technologies Program website.
In this position, Roland Risser was responsible for leading all of EERE's applied
research, development and demonstration for renewable energy, including geothermal,
solar, and wind and water power.In this position, Roland Risser was responsible for
leading all of EERE's applied research, development and demonstration for renewable
energy, including geothermal, solar, and wind and water power.
GREENSBORO, N.C. — The beige-and-brown General Electric
top open
glass door refrigerator, circa 1982, whirs in a dark corner of Doris and Anthony
Vincent’s basement.
Mrs. Vincent, a 70-year-old churchgoer and longtime community volunteer, can date its
purchase with precision. In her home here, appliances mark milestones. And that nearly
40-year-old model — one of three refrigerators she owns — tells a story of her re-entry
into the work force after having a daughter.
She spent much of her first paychecks from her job as a counselor at Bennett College
on the refrigerator-freezer combo, with the external ice dispenser and other bells and
whistles of its era. “I’d been a stay-at-home mother, you know,” she said.
When the couple built their 5,000-square-foot home in 1992, the G.E. went to the
basement, to make room for a stainless steel upgrade that holds last night’s dinner and
the morning’s juice.
But the second refrigerator is no afterthought appliance. It occupies pride of place
in many American homes — often because, Mr. Vincent said, yesteryear’s fridges were
built to last. That didn’t stop the couple, however, from buying a third model for the
basement apartment they keep for guests.
Around 35 million U.S. households have two refrigerators, and the Vincents are among
the six million households that report owning more than two refrigerators, whether full-
or dorm-size units, according to the Energy Information Administration, a federal agency
that tracks appliance ownership. That number has climbed from 14 percent of all homes in
1978, when the agency first started surveying Americans, to 30 percent in 2015. About 27
percent of today’s urban homes and almost 40 percent of rural ones have at least two
refrigerators.
Those numbers will likely change again as the pandemic continues and with the average
10-year life span of newer refrigerators. When stand-alone freezers sold out in stores
nationwide in the spring of 2020, months of back orders set off a buying spree on
refrigerators. In April, Consumer Reports urged those who couldn’t find a freezer to
consider a second upright back sliding door refrigerator instead.
The second refrigerator can be a homey holdover or the latest model. And, for many,
it can be aspirational. It may fulfill a yen for storage space. For others, its contents
may function as edible insurance policies during lean years. And there are countless
other reasons for a second fridge: frequent entertaining; storing kimchi or other
specialties that take time to age; a tendency toward hoarding; or simply the cost of
getting rid of a refrigerator.
But class and context matter in the world of multiple fridges, or for that matter,
freezers. (Statisticians at the Energy Information Administration call those chest or
stand-alone appliances “deer freezers” because of their popularity among Midwestern
hunters.)
Newer models have made owning a second refrigerator easier on the pocketbook. Once,
refrigerators routinely used more than 10 percent of a household’s total power, which
prompted old-fridge disposal or buybacks around the country during previous blackouts and
energy crises, said William McNary, a research statistician for the agency. “Now it’s
nowhere near that,” he said. Modern EnergyStar-rated models can cost as little as 10
cents a day to operate.
Despite once-valid concerns about a nation of power-sucking surplus refrigerators,
Mr. McNary knows they’re not going away — even in his own family. His in-laws keep an
avocado-colored refrigerator from the 1970s in their basement.
“I go down there, and it’s got three beers and six ginger ales in it,” he said. “
My mother-in-law complains every year at Thanksgiving and holidays that our fridge isn’t
big enough” to store sides or uneaten turkey.
Ms. Reilly remembers an Italian-American friend whose family removed shelves from an
extra fridge to hang homemade sausages.
Jonathan Ammons, a food writer in Asheville, N.C., contends that refrigerators
transmit culture as much as they chill food. “I am a third-generation multiple fridge-
freezer kid,” he said. “It is as deep a part of my culinary heritage as candied yams
and sugar beets.”
He currently owns one refrigerator and one stand freezer, packed this time of year
with discounted whole ducks and broth.
Mr. Ammons’s parents have three refrigerators, including one that he stocks with
prepared meals for his mother, who is ill and bedridden. He traces the family’s desire
to have more than one refrigerator to his grandmother’s traditions and preservation
practices, common in Appalachia.
“Her house in Bakersville had the smokehouse out back and the canning shed,” he
said. “And they had smoked meat. When the freezer came, it became an irreplaceable
thing, an ingrained thing with my grandmother, that if you have a freezer, you can
preserve things.
“I see that as an aspect of Appalachian culture: preserving the things you love and
prioritizing it — and growing enough of it that you can stay there through the hard
times.”
While conventional wisdom suggests that the more mouths there are to feed, the more
refrigerators, the statistics don’t bear that out. U.S. households with only two
occupants lead in two-fridge ownership.
People of color also have second refrigerators in disproportionately high rates.
Nearly 20 percent of Black Americans have them, as do 22 percent of Latinos and 23
percent of Asian-Americans. One-third of Native American respondents in the Energy
Information Administration’s last major survey of residential energy consumption,
completed five years ago, reported having more than one
stand up back front sliding door refrigerator.
That last figure gave Farina King some pause. She’s a citizen of the Navajo Nation
and a history professor in Tahlequah, Okla. While her parents, Phillip and JoAnn Smith,
have two refrigerators at their home in Utah, they use the second to feed patients, who
travel long distances to her father’s medical clinic, as well as friends and
missionaries in their church community.
Dr. King knows that second refrigerators are rare in the Navajo Nation, which
stretches across three states but has only about a dozen full-service grocery stores.
Some people, particularly those in urban or semirural areas, may have two fridges, but
the dominant reality is quite different.
“Many Navajos on the reservation actually do not have access to the space and
electricity” for even a first multi-deck display refrigerator, she said.
